C O N T E N T S

CHAPTER I.

THE SUBJECT.

The Territory of Addison County in Prehistoric Times - Its Territory Discovered by White Men - Subject to Five Different Powers - Division of the State of Vermont into Counties - Their Names and Extent - Errors in Dates - Extent and Boundaries of the Present Addison County - Division into Towns - Beginning of its History - First Courts ...........................................................13

CHAPTER II.

NATURAL CHARACTERISTICS.

Topography - Mountains of the County - Their Striking Peculiarities - Lakes and Streams - Lake Champlain-Its Historical Associations - Ticonderoga and Crown Point - Chimney Point - Mount Independence - Lake Dunmore - Other Lakes and Ponds - Otter Creek - Diary of James Coss - The Lemon Fair River - Leicester River - Middlebury River - New Haven River - Geology - Résumé of the Science - The Glacial Period and its Results - Clay Deposits of the County - Fossils - Formation of Terraces - Rocks of the County - The Marble Deposit - Other Rock Formations - Minerals of the County - Soil and Timber.............................................16

CHAPTER III.

DISCOVERY AND OCCUPATION.

Jacques Cartier's Discovery - Events Leading to Civilized Occupation - Abandonment of the Early Explorations - Changes Ushered in with the Fifteenth Century - John Cabot's Explorations - His Immediate Successors - European Claimants for the Territory of the New World - Cartier's Renewed Discoveries - "New France" - Other French Explorers - Samuel de Champlain - His Discovery of the Lake which Bears His Name - His Battle with the Iroquois - Henry Hudson's Discoveries - Settlement of the Dutch on Manhattan Island .............................................................36


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CHAPTER IV.

ADVANCING SETTLEMENTS.

Progress of Civilized Occupation - Settlements and Thrift of the Dutch - Interference by the English - Charles II Charters to the Duke of York - Incursions of the French Against the Mohawks - The Peace of Breda - De Frontenac's Reign in New France -English Expeditions - First Civilized Occupation of the Territory of Addison County - Further Contests Between the French and English - The Treaty of Ryswick - Queen Anne's War - The Treaty of Utrecht-Resettlement at Chimney Point - The French Fortify Crown Point - Progress of English Settlements - Building of Fort Dummer - The Struggle Between England and France Renewed -Treaty of Aix­la­Chapelle - Another Declaration of War - Abercrombie's Defeat by Montcalm - Amherst's Successful Operations -The Treaty of Paris - End of the French Régime - French Seigniories...................................................................53

CHAPTER V.

CIVIL DIVISIONS.

Controversy Between Vermont and New Hampshire - Boundaries Established by Royal Decree - Early Settlements in the Territory of Addison County -The Controversy Between the New Hampshire Grants and New York - Injustice of the Claims of New York - Details of the Controversy as they Relate to Addison County ..............61

CHAPTER VI.

THE TIDE OF REVOLUTION.

The Trials of Vermont as a State - Settlements in the Several Towns Previous to the War of the Revolution - Resumé of the Principal Events of the War as Related to Addison County - Captures of Prisoners - Close of the War - Vermont's Admission to the Union - Latest Events in the Controversy with New York.......................... 66

CHAPTER VII.

FROM THE REVOLUTION TO THE PRESENT TIME.

The Beneficent Reign of Peace - Advance of Settlements - The Second War with Great Britain - Its Chief Causes - Effects in Addison County - Defense of the Mouth of Otter Creek - The Battle of Plattsburgh - Local Effects of the War - The "Cold Summer"- Agricultural Pursuits Early in the Century -The First Newspaper - The Panic of 1837­38 - The Railroad Era -The Period of Prosperity Preceding Civil War...........................................................................71


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CHAPTER VIII.

ADDISON COUNTY IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION.

Patiotism of Vermont - The Middlebury Light Guard - History of the First Regiment - The Second Regiment-Addison County Enlistments Therein - Career in the Field - The "Vermont Brigade" - The Fifth Regiment - The Sixth Regiment and its Addison County Members - Further History of the Vermont Brigade - Details of its Honorable Service - The Eleventh Regiment - The Seventh Regiment and its Relation to Addison County - Death of Colonel Roberts - The Ninth Regiment - First Vermont Cavalry - Its Formidable List of Engagements - First Battery - Nine Months Men - The Seventeenth and Fourteenth Reginents - Statistics from the Various Towns of the County - Roster of Field and Staff Officers .................... 76

CHAPTER IX.

COUNTY BUILDINGS, SOCIETIES, INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS, CIVIL LIST, ETC.

Places for Holding Early Courts - The First Courthouse - l'he Old Wooden Jail - The Stone Jail - Removal of the Court­House - The New Brick Court­House - Addison County Agricultural Society - The Champlain Valley Agricultural Association - Middlebury Historical Society - Internal Improvements - Old Military Road - Old Time Traveling - The Building of Railroads - Rutland and Bennington Railroad-Vermont and Canada Road - The Vermont Central - Civil List.......................................116

CHAPTER X.

BENCH AND BAR OF ADDISON C0UNTY.

Early Independence of Vermont - The Judicial System - The Town Meetings - Acts of Early Conventions - The Council of Safety - Court of Confiscation - Superior Court - Court of Chancery - Probate Courts ­­ Courts of Insolvency - Probate Judges of Addison County - County Courts - Justices of the Peace - Judges of the County Court - Supreme Court Judges - Biographical Sketches....................................129

CHAPTER XI.

MEDICAL SOCIETY AND PHYSICIANS.

The Doctor of Early Days - Organization of the Addison County Medical Society - First Members - First Board of Officers - Names of Early Members - Vicissitudes - Suspension of the Society - Reorganization - An Era of Success - Biographical Memoranda of Deceased Physicians...................................................................161


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CHAPTER XII.

THE PRESS OF ADDISON COUNTY.

The Printing Business in Early Days - Remarkable Changes - The First Newspaper in Middlebury - The Power of the Press - List of Papers Published in the County -Biographic Memoranda - Papers of Vergennes and Bristol - Other Publications........ 181

CHAPTER XIII.

FREEMASONRY IN ADDISON COUNTY.

Strength of the Order in this County - Grand Lodge Organization - First Lodges in Addison County - The Anti­Masonic Crusade - Prominent Men of the Order.............. 192

CHAPTER XIV.

SHEEP HUSBANDRY AND LIVE STOCK IN ADDISON COUNTY.

Antiquity of the Sheep - First Accounts in the Scriptures - First Peoples who Raised Sheep - Changes of Locality - Origin of the Merino - Improvement in Breed - History of the Merino Sheep - Addison County - Early Mutton Sheep - Their Marketable Qualities - The First Merinos in the County - The Early Breeders Beginning of Improvement - Magnitude of Improvement - The Saxony Sheep - Wool Bearing Qualities - Comparisons Between the Early and the Modern Merino Descriptions of the two Types - Great Change of Purpose by the Breeders - Sheep Breeders' Associations - Objects and Success - Comparisons of Wool Product Peculiarities of High Bred Sheep - How Improvement has been Accomplished - Noted Breeders of the County - General Benefits to the County - Horse and Cattle Breeding in the County.................................................................. 201

CHAPTER XV.

HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF MIDDLEBURY... ..................................... 233

CHAPTER XVI.

HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF ADDISON............................................. 357

CHAPTER XVII.

HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF BRIDPORT........................................... 380


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CHAPTER XVIII.

HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF BRISTOL ............................................................... 397

CHAPTER XIX.

HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF CORNWALL.......................................................... 416

CHAPTER XX.

HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF FERRISBURGH ..................................................... 436

CHAPTER XXI.

HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF GOSHEN............................................................. 454

CHAPTER XXII.

HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF GRANVILLE........................................................ 461

CHAPTER XXIII.

HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF HANCOCK......................................................... 466

CHAPTER XXIV.

HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF LEICESTER....................................................... 470

CHAPTER XXV.

HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF LINCOLN......................................................... 481

CHAPTER XXVI.

HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF MONKTON..................................................... 513

CHAPTER XXVII.

HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF NEW HAVEN.................................................... 522


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CHAPTER XXVIII.

HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF ORWELL ..................................................... 555

CHAPTER XXIX.

HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF PANTON ..................................................... 576

CHAPTER XXX.

HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF RIPTON...................................................... 590

CHAPTER XXXI.

HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SALISBURY................................................. 595

CHAPTER XXXII.

HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SHOREHAM............................................... 610

CHAPTER XXXIII.

HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF STARKSBORO............................................ 628

CHAPTER XXXIV.

HISTORY OF THE CITY OF VERGENNES............................................... 640

CHAPTER XXXV.

HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF WALTHAM............................................... 702

CHAPTER XXXVI.

HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF WEYBRIDGE........................................... 712

CHAPTER XXXVII.

HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF WHITING............................................. 722


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CHAPTER XXXVIII.

BIOGRAPHICAL.............................................................................733

BRIEF PERSONALS ........................................................... Appendix i

lNDEX........................................... Appendix lvii