page 80 HISTORY OF ADDISON COUNTY

INCIDENTS OF THE WAR IN THE COUNTY OF ADDISON.

THE revolutionary war, which had been ended, some years before Vermont was admitted to the Union, furnished but few incidents, which can properly constitute a part of the history of Addison County. Very few permanent settlements had been made in the county before its commencement. It is said that JAMES MCINTOSH, a Scotchman, commenced a settlement in territory now in the city of Vergennes, in the year 1766; and other settlements were wade on the creek above the falls in New Haven, now Waltham, as early as 1769. Col. JOHN CHIPMAN, in 1766 made a small clearing on his farm in Middlebury, but did not return to it, with his family, until 1773; and in the latter year several other families were settled in that town. And it is said that in the charter limits of Middlebury, there were thirteen families, and in that part of Cornwall, afterwards annexed to Middlebury, eight families, before the war. Col. PHILIP STONE commenced preparation for a settlement on the border of the lake in Bridport in 1768, and several other families were settled in that town before the war. JOHN CHARTER also commenced some improvements, on the south end of Mount Independence in Orwell some years before the war, but no permanent settlements, we believe, were made in that town until after the war. As stated on a previous page, JOHN STRONG, ZADOC EVEREST, DAVID VALLANCE, BENJAMIN KELLOGG, and probably a few others, had made preparations for a settlement, on the borders of the lake in Addison, in 1765, and took possession with their families in 1766. The late SQUIRE FERRIS, of Vergennes, in a statement made to PHILIP C. TUCKER, Esq., to which we have referred elsewhere, says that his father, PETER

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FERRIS, came to and settled on the shore of the lake in Panton, in 1765. Mr. FERRIS, and his wife came through the woods from Bennington County, on horse back, he carrying his son SQUIRE then two years old in his arms; and that there were then no settlements on the lake, and that the nearest, and only neighbors were the British garrison at Crown Point. A few other families were settled there before the war. The first settlements, by families, in Whiting and Leicester, were in 1773, in Cornwall and Monkton in 1774; in Weybridge, and in that part of New Haven, since annexed to Weybridge, in 1775. In no other towns in the County had permanent settlements been made at that time; and in the towns mentioned, the number of families was small.

After the retreat of the American troops from the disastrous expedition into Canada, in 1776, and especially after General BURGOYNE in 1777, with his formidable army, came up the lake, sweeping away every resistance before him, a large proportion of the settlers deserted their farms, and removed to places of greater safety at the south. The lake and its forts being in possession of the British, the whole country lying opposite was exposed to marauding and foraging parties of British, Indians and tories, who plundered and carried off all such moveable property as was left behind and desired by them. And in 1777, while the British were in quiet possession of the forts, before the surrender of BURGOYNE in October of that year, several of the men were taken captive; and such as remained in captivity until the occurrence of that event were then released. The family of Col. STONE, living on the lake shore, in Bridport, was, among others in that region, frequently annoyed by bodies of Indians, who visited them for plunder. But as they did not generally, molest the women and children, except for plunder, he kept out of the way and remained safe for some time. But in October 1777, having been falsely charged by a tory, as being concerned in burning his house, a British vessel in the lake sent a boat on shore, captured him and carried him a prisoner to Ticonderoga, where he was confined about three weeks, and until the fort was evacuated after the surrender of BURGOYNE.

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SAMUEL BLODGETT, a son of ASA BLODGETT, an early settler in Cornwall, now Middlebury, had built him a log house, just over the present line between Middlebury and Cornwall, where he resided many years afterwards. About the same time, in 1777, a scouting party came upon him and took him prisoner, tied him to a tree, and threatened to burn him. But being a freemason, he made himself known to the British officer commanding the party, who was also a mason, and he was released and taken to Ticonderoga, where he was set to work with a team.

At the same time JAMES BENTLEY senior, who had settled in Middlebury, and his daughter were at the house of BLODGETT, and to escape from the Indians, he crawled into a hollow log, and the women threw brush over the entrance and so effectually concealed him, that he escaped.

The following account of the capture of ELDAD ANDREWS, taken in 1777, at the same time as SAMUEL BLODGETT, was furnished by Mr. RUFUS MEAD, who obtained it from those who received it directly from Mr. ANDREWS:

ELDAD ANDREWS, one of the first three settlers in Cornwall, was taken by Indians, and carried across the lake. The savages came to his house, while he was in the field at work; finding Mrs. A. engaged in making cheese they devoured the curd and everything eatable in the house, without committing any personal violence. Leaving ing the house, they captured Mr. A. and took him to Ticonderoga. He was at length released and an Indian deputed to row him across the lake. Mr. A. had not gone far before he discovered the Indian on his trail, and the conclusion was that the Indian coveted his scalp. He made no sign however, but armed himself with a heavy club. As twilight came on, he passed a deep ravine, in going into which he passed over a large fallen tree, and laid down behind it concealed. His pursuer was soon standing over him on the log. ANDREWS was a man of great physical strength, and did not give the savage a long time to ascertain his whereabouts, when with a heavy blow with his club, on the side of his head, he leveled the Indian, and marched home without further molestation, and without inquiring the fate of his pursuer.

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JOSHUA GRAVES and his son JESSE GRAVES, while hoeing corn on the bank of the creek in Salisbury, on the farm since owned by the late JOSEPH SMITH, on which they were among the earliest settlers in that town, were captured at the same time by about two hundred Indians. The widow of JOSEPH SMITH was a daughter of the younger, and grand-daughter of the elder, GRAVES; and the farm has ever remained in the family. The captives were taken to the settlement of JEREMIAH PARKER in Leicester, where he and his son, JEREMIAH PARKER, Jun. were also captured, and all the prisoners were taken to Ticonderoga. The two elder captives were soon released; but the two younger were detained prisoners, on board a vessel, for three weeks, until there was time to send to Canada and get a return.

ASA BLODGETT, father of SAMUEL BLODGETT, above mentioned, who had settled on the creek in the south part of Cornwall, and remained after the general retreat of the inhabitants, was taken prisoner also by the Indians. His captors placed him on a stump, with a rope around his neck, the end of which was thrown over the limb of a tree. He remained in this position for some time, expecting instant death, with which the Indians threatened him; but he was afterwards released. The facts we have stated relating to the capture of ASA and SAMUEL BLODGETT, and the escape of BENTLEY, were received from the late ABRAHAM WILLIAMSON of Cornwall, and his wife, who was a daughter of SAMUEL BLODGETT.

But the most serious and extensive depredations, on the inhabitants of the County were committed in the fall of 1778. In the early part of November in that year, a large British force came up the lake in several vessels, and thoroughly scoured the country on both sides. Such of the men as had the temerity to remain on their farms until that time they took prisoners, plundered, burnt, and destroyed their property of every description, leaving the women and children to take care of themselves as they could, in their houseless and destitute condition. Not a town in the County, where any settlements had been made, escaped their ravages. The only building in Middlebury, not wholly destroyed, except two or three in the southeast part of the town, which they seem not to have found, was

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a barn of Col. JOHN CHIPMAN, which had been lately built of green timber, which they could not set on fire and which they tried in vain with their imperfect tools to cut down. The marks of their hatchets, on the timber, are still to be seen.

As there are no public documents or history, within our knowledge which give any general account of these proceedings, in other towns, and all the persons concerned in the transactions are supposed to be dead, we have collected information from such sources as were in our power; and instead of condensing it into a continuous narrative, we choose to give it as we have received it from the several sources.

The following statement was made by PHILIP C. TUCKER, Esq., of Vergennes, principally from information obtained by him, at our request, from NATHAN GRISWOLD and ASAPH GRISWOLD, Sons of NATHAN GRISWOLD, one of the captives:

"In the month of November 1778, the following persons of the north and west portions of Addison County were taken prisoners by the British forces, and transported on board British vessels to Canada: NATHAN GRISWOLD, taken in that part of New Haven which is now Vergennes, JOAN GRISWOLD and ADONIJAH GRISWOLD, in that part of New Haven which is now Waltham, and DAVID GRISWOLD, of New Haven. These four men were brothers; ELI ROBERTS and DURAND ROBERTS, father and son, were taken at Vergennes; PETER FERRIS and SQUIRE FERRIS, father and son, of Panton, were taken on the west side of Lake Champlain, while hunting; JOSEPH HOLCOMB, ELIJAH GRANDE and ------ SPALDING at Panton, JOHN BISHOP at Monkton and ------ HOPKINS at New Haven. These were part of the captives taken during the fall of 1778, consisting in all of two hundred and forty-four. They were all taken to Quebec and imprisoned. Tradition says, that but forty-eight were brought back in June 1782, and exchanged as prisoners of war at Whitehall."

"Of the thirteen persons above named, all returned but one. JOHN GRISWOLD Jun. enlisted on board a British vessel at Quebec, upon a promise, that he should be restored to his liberty, on the arrival of the vessel in Ireland. He was never heard of afterward.

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All these men are believed to be now dead. The deaths of those known are as follows: NATHAN GRISWOLD, died at Waltham, July 17, 1811, aged 85 years; DAVID GRISWOLD, at New Haven, August 11, 1820, in his 60th year; ADONIJAH GRISWOLD, at Green County, Illinois, in 1847, aged 88 years; ELI ROBERTS, at Vergennes, in 1806, age unknown; DURAND ROBERTS, at Ferrisburgh in 1817, aged 57 years; PETER FERRIS, at Panton, in 1811, aged 92 years; SQUIRE FERRIS, at Vergennes, March 12, 1849, aged 87 years."

The following information was communicated by MILO STOW, ESQ., of Weybridge, son of CLARK STOW, one of the captives mentioned below, and published in the Middlebury Register, August 30, 1854. A short memorandum, which we have seen in their family records, of their capture, imprisonment, and the death of DAVID STOW, in the hand-writing of CLARK STOW, authenticates the principal facts.

"November 8, 1778, a marauding party of British, Indians and tories, invaded the quiet homes of four families in this vicinity, being the only inhabitants in Weybridge, burned their houses and effects, killed their cattle and lions, and took THOMAS SANFORD, and his son ROBERT, DAVID STOW and his son CLARK, CLAUDIUS BRITTEL and his son CLAUDIUS, and JUSTUS STURDEVANT, and carried them prisoners to Quebec. The four wives and their young children, for eight or ten days, occupied an out-door cellar of Mr. SANFORD, at this place, till our troops from Pittsford came to their rescue. DAVID STOW died in prison, December 31st, 1778. THOMAS SANFORD, and two others from Vermont, GIFFORD and SMITH, escaped from prison, and after wandering through Maine and New Hampshire, reached their families. The rest of the prisoners, after extreme suffering were discharged in 1782."*

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page 86 HISTORY OF ADDISON COUNTY.

The following, in addition to the above, we have received directly from Mr. STOW. The prisoners, on their arrival at Quebec, were for a time kept on board a prison ship; but were afterwards removed to a prison on land. While there they dug through the walls of the prison and escaped, but were retaken and recommitted, except THOMAS SANFORD and one or two others from Vermont, who, after wandering a long time through the wilderness of New Hampshire and Maine reached their families.* Those who were recommitted dug nearly through the wall a second time, and a large proportion of them, in the spring of 1780, were sent ninety miles down the St. Lawrence, and were there set to work. But CLARK STOW, being then young, was selected by a French lady, and employed by her as a house servant, until he, with the rest was exchanged and released in 1782. After his release in October he went to Great Barrington, Mass., to which the family had removed, and in March, 1783, they returned to Weybirdge.

The following account of the capture of some of the inhabitants of Bridport, their imprisonment and escape, we have abridged from the account of Bridport, given by Mr. THOMPSON, in the first edi-

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tion of his Gazetteer. The facts, it is presumed, were obtained from some of the party, as all but one were then alive.

NATHAN SMITH, MARSHALL SMITH and JOHN WARD, who had just been married, who had ventured to remain on their farms in Bridport, while most of the inhabitants had removed, being together on the 4th day of November, 1778, were taken by a party of British, under Major CARLETON. He collected in that vicinity thirty-nine prisoners, men and boys. They were put on board a vessel in the lake and carried prisoners to Canada. They reached Quebec December 6, and were kept in prison sixteen months and nineteen days. In the spring of 1780, after two dreary winters, in which several of the party died, the prisoners had liberty to remove thirty leagues down the River St. Lawrence, to work. About forty went, among whom were the two SMITHS and WARD. They landed the first of May, on the south side, where the river was twenty-seven miles wide. In the night of the 13th, eight of the prisoners took a batteau and crossed the river and landed in a perfect wilderness. They here separated into two parties, JUSTUS STURDEVANT, of Weybridge joining the three Bridport men. They traveled by night, and when in the neighborhood of settlements, secreted themselves in the woods by day. They occasionally met Frenchmen, who appeared friendly; but on the 20th, when nearly opposite Quebec, they called on two Frenchmen for aid in crossing a swollen river. One of them stated that he was an officer, and dared not let them pass. He seized his gun and declared them prisoners. The other took up an axe, and both stood against the door to prevent their escape. NATHAN SMITH said to his comrades, "we must go," and seized the man with the gun, and the other prisoners laid hold of the other Frenchman, and they thrust them aside, and all escaped except STURDEVANT, who remained a prisoner until the close of the war. Some days after, four Indians, armed with guns and knives, came upon them, but they sprang into the woods and escaped, and traveled all night until noon the next day, when being not far from Three Rivers, they lay down and slept. But soon each was awakened by an Indian having fast hold of him. They were committed to prison at Three Rivers. Three sides of

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the prison were of stone, the other of wood. After being in prison three weeks, they began to cut into the wooden wall with a jack-knife, and in a week had cut through it sufficiently to escape into an adjoining room. Having drawn a week's provisions, they cut up their bed clothes, and let themselves down, so near the window of the room below, that they saw the officers there assembled, and were not more than a rod from the sentinel in his box. Thence they continued to travel by night, and lay by in the day time. To supply themselves with food, they took a lamb in one place and a turkey and other fowls in others. They kept off from the river to avoid the Indians, who they learned were in pursuit of them, and had been offered a bounty for their apprehension. They at length crossed the St. Lawrence and traveled to the River Sorel, and thence through the wilderness, with incredible hardships and suffering, having killed an ox on the way for their sustenance, and at length arrived at the house of ASA HEMENWAY, in Bridport, which alone had survived the desolations of the war. The next day they reached the picket fort at Pittsford. From the time of their escape, ninety miles below Quebec, including their imprisonment, they had not changed their clothes, and had few left to be changed.

The following graphic account of the capture and imprisonment of PETER FERRIS, and his son SQUIRE FERRIS, with some antecedent and accompanying events, is an extract from an article published in the " Vergennes Vermonter," February 26, 1845, which was written by PHILIP C. TUCKER, Esq. The facts contained in it were communicated to him by SQUIRE FERRIS in his lifetime.

"In October, 1776, upon the retreat of General ARNOLD up the lake with the American fleet, after the battles fought near Valcour Island, he run the remaining part of his vessels, four gun boats and the galley, "Congress," which ARNOLD himself commanded, into a small bay, which still bears the name of "Arnold's Bay," and the shores of which were upon Mr. FERRIS'S farm. Some of the remains of those vessels are yet visible, though they were all partly blown to pieces and sunk when ARNOLD abandoned them. An incident of their destruction, not known to history, is

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related by SQUIRE FERRIS, a son of Mr. FERRIS, then in his fourteenth year. Lieutenant GOLDSMITH of ARNOLD'S galley had been severely wounded in the thigh by a grape shot in the battle near Valcour Island, and lay wholly helpless on the deck, when the orders were given to blow up the vessels. ARNOLD had ordered him to be removed on shore, but by some oversight he was neglected, and was on the the deck of the galley when the gunner set fire to the match. He then begged to be thrown overboard, and the gunner, on returning from the galley, told him he would be dead before she blew up. He remained on deck at the explosion, and his body was seen when blown into the air. His remains were taken up and buried on the shore of the lake. To the credit of An-TOLD, he showed the greatest feeling upon the subject, and threatened to run the gunner through on the spot. The British fleet arrived at the mouth of the bay before the explosion of ARNOLD'S vessels, and fired upon his men on the shore, and upon the house of Mr. FERRIS, which stood near the shore. Some grape shot and several cannon shot struck Mr. FERRIS'S house. Mr. FERRIS and his family returned with ARNOLD to Ticonderoga; from whence they afterwards went, for a short time for safety, to Schaghticooke in the State of New York. All Mr. FERRIS'S moveable property at Panton was either taken or destroyed by the British. His cattle, horses and hogs were shot, and his other property carried off. His orchard trees were cut down, his fences burnt; and nothing left undestroyed, but his house and barn."

"After some weeks had elapsed Mr. FERRIS returned to the remains of his property, and endeavored to repair his injuries, so far as possible. He had restored his fences to preserve a crop of winter grain sowed the previous autumn, and had got in his spring crops, when in the month of June following, the army of General BURGOYNE came up the lake. A considerable portion of the army, commanded by General FRASER, landed at Mr. FERRIS'S farm, encamped there for the night, and utterly destroyed them all. Two hundred horses were turned into his meadows and grain fields, and they were wholly ruined. Gen. FRASER had the civility to promise indemnity, but that promise yet waits for its fulfilment.

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"In the autumn of 1776, Mr. Ferris and his son, Squire Ferris, assisted in the escape of Joseph Everest and Phineas Spalding from the British schooner Maria of sixteen guns, then lying at anchor off Arnold's Bay. These two men were Americans, who had been seized in Panton and Addison, and made prisoners for favoring the American cause. Both were taken from the schooner in a dark night and conveyed on shore in a small canoe. Squire Ferris the son, was also of a small party in the winter of 1776-77, who seized upon two Englishmen, supposed to lie spies, near the mouth of Otter Creek, and delivered them into the hands of Gen. St. Clair at Ticondoroga."

"In the year 1778, the British made a general capture of all the Americans they could reach on the shores of Lake Champlain, who were known to be friendly to the revolutionary cause. In November of that year, Mr. Ferris and his son started upon a deer hunt, on the west side of the lake. When near the mouth of Putnam's Creek, about six miles south of Crown Point, they were seized by a body of British soldiers and tories, commanded by Colonel Carleton, and carried on board the schooner Maria, then lying at Crown Point, near the mouth of Bulwaggy Bay. They were the first prisoners taken in the great attempt of the British. to sweep the shores of the lake of those inhabitants, who were friendly to the republican cause. On the same night, detachments from this vessel burnt nearly all the houses along the lake from Bridport to Ferrisburgh, making prisoners of the male inhabitants, and leaving the women and children to suffering and starvation. Mr. Ferris's house and all his other buildings were burnt. Forty persons were brought on board the next day; and within a few days, the number reckoned two hundred and forty-four; part of which were put on board the schooner Carleton of sixteen guns, which then lay at the mouth of Great Otter Creek. The forces, which came out in the Maria and Carleton, were originally destined for an attack upon Rutland, but their object having become known by the escape of an American prisoner, Lieut. Benjamin Everest, that project was abandoned, and they were employed in desolating the country, and stripping it of its inhabitants. The vessels proceeded with their prisoners to St.

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Johns; from thence they were marched to Sorel, and it was the intention of the captors to have continued their march down the St. Lawrence to Quebec. At Sorel they crossed the St. Lawrence, and soon after a heavy snow storm came on, which making it impossible to continue the march, trains were seized in all directions, and on these they were driven to Quebec. Here they were confined in prison. Soon after some of them having contrived to escape, they were divided, and about one hundred of them were sent down the river one hundred miles and employed in getting out timber for building barracks. Mr. Ferris and his son were sent among this number in the month of January 1779. In the spring following nine of the prisoners, among whom were Mr. Ferris and his son, seized a batteau in the night, in which they crossed to the east side of the river, where it was fifteen miles wide. On landing they set the batteau adrift, separated into two parties, and made the best of their way, up the river. They had brought provisions with them, and avoiding the settlements, and traveling only in the night, the party, with which the two Ferrises remained, arrived opposite the Three Riveis on the fourth day. They crossed in the night, but were discovered and retaken. The remainder of the party did not get so far, having been retaken by a body of Indians in the neighborhood of Quebec. The party of the Ferrises were put into jail at Three Rivers, where they remained eighteen months. During this time they made one attempt to escape, but were discovered and were then placed in a dungeon for seventy-two days. At this time the father, and son were separated.

"Squire Ferris, the son, describes the dungeon where he was confined, as an apartment eight feet by ten, and so low that he could not stand up in it; and that the one occupied by his father adjoined it, and was of the same character. The only light was admitted by a small hole about eight by ten inches in size, which was crossed by iron grates. The hole which admitted this light was level with the ground, and the water from the eaves of the jail poured through it into the dungeon, whenever it rained. The straw given them to sleep on was frequently wet in this way, and the confined air, dampness and filth, not to be avoided, made their suffer-

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ings of the severest kind. While they were confined here, another place was prepared for them, to which they were transferred after the dungeon suffering of seventy-two days. This place was opposite the guard room, and upon being removed to it, they were told, 'you damned rebels, you can't get out of this.' Here the father and son were again put together in the same room. The place was not however so impregnable as was supposed, for in about six weeks the prisoners made an excavation under the wall, in the night, and made their escape. There were six prisoners in the room at this time. Upon escaping, the parties separated, Mr. Ferris and his son remaining together. They went up the river nearly opposite Sorel, where, two days afterwards, they crossed the St. Lawrence in a canoe, and took to the woods. Their design was to reach New Hampshire, but having lost their way in the woods they struck Missisque River, down which they went a few miles, and were again retaken by a British guard, who were with a party getting out timber, and by them were carried again prisoners to St. Johns. They were taken twenty-one days after their escape, and had been nineteen days in the woods, during all which time they had only a four pound loaf of wheat bread, one pound of salt beef and some tea for food. They made their tea in a tin quart cup, and produced fire by a flint and the blade of a jack-knife. For four days before they were retaken, they had nothing for food but tea, and were so weak they could hardly walk. The forces at St. Johns were then commanded by Col. St. Leger, a brutal drunkard, who ordered the prisoners to be ironed together, and put them in a dungeon for fourteen days. At the end of which time, and ironed hand in hand to each other, they were sent to Chamblee, and from there by the rivers Sorel and St. Lawrence to Quebec. At Quebec they were returned to their old prison, in which they remained until June 1782, when they were brought from thence to Whitehall and there exchanged for British prisoners. From their capture to their exchange was three years and eight months.

After the escape of the Ferrises from below Quebec, the prisoners, which remained in prison at Quebec were divided, and a part placed on board a prison ship in the river. Soon afterward, camp fever, as

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it was then called, broke out among them, and many of them died. Of the two hundred and forty-four prisoners taken in the neighborhood of Lake Champlain, in November 1778, and carried to Canada in the schooners Maria and Carleton, only forty-eight were known to have returned. The elder Ferris died in the year 1811, at the age of ninety-two; and of the other forty-seven, Squire Ferris, of Vergennes, his son and fellow prisoner, is supposed to be the only survivor.* Several of these prisoners received pensions from the general Government, but Squire Ferris, their companion in sufferings, though poor and needy, and though an applicant for many years, has never received the bounty of his country." Besides those mentioned above, the following persons, of whose captivity we have no definite information, were taken and carried to Quebec at the same time: Benjamin Kellogg and Joseph Everest, of Addison.

Major Orin Field, of Cornwall, has furnished us with a detailed and interesting account of the capture and imprisonment of the late Benjamin Stevens, of that town, as he received it from Mr. Stevens, a relative, in whose family he resided. He was captured with three others, in a boat on Lake Champlain, near Split Rock, in Charlotte, in May, 1779. Being pursued by the tories and Indians from the shore, and one of the men, Jonathan Rowley, being killed by a shot from the pursuers, they surrendered. Stevens was then seventeen years old and resided in Rutland County. He not then residing in this County, and therefore not strictly within our province, we give only an abstract of Major Field's narrative. The prisoners were taken to Chamblee, "thrust into a small prison, ironed two together and fed for nine days on no other food than dry peas uncooked. From thence they were taken to Quebec, where Mr. Stevens spent three New Year's days in one room." Twice they made their escape, and after traveling a long time in a destitute and suffering condition, at one time in the dead of winter, and apart of the time living on roots and the bark of trees, until one of the party died, they were retaken and recommitted, and in June, 1782, were exchanged at Whitehall. Mr. Stevens settled in Cornwall in 1792, and died June 16, 1815, aged 53 years.

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